diff --git a/libavcodec/encode.c b/libavcodec/encode.c
index 69a6f47b62..6b40ae0a5a 100644
--- a/libavcodec/encode.c
+++ b/libavcodec/encode.c
@@ -32,43 +32,28 @@
 
 int ff_alloc_packet2(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt, int64_t size, int64_t min_size)
 {
-    if (avpkt->size < 0) {
-        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid negative user packet size %d\n", avpkt->size);
-        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
-    }
     if (size < 0 || size > INT_MAX - AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE) {
         av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid minimum required packet size %"PRId64" (max allowed is %d)\n",
                size, INT_MAX - AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
         return AVERROR(EINVAL);
     }
 
+    av_assert0(!avpkt->data);
+
     if (avctx && 2*min_size < size) { // FIXME The factor needs to be finetuned
-        av_assert0(!avpkt->data || avpkt->data != avctx->internal->byte_buffer);
-        if (!avpkt->data || avpkt->size < size) {
-            av_fast_padded_malloc(&avctx->internal->byte_buffer, &avctx->internal->byte_buffer_size, size);
-            avpkt->data = avctx->internal->byte_buffer;
-            avpkt->size = avctx->internal->byte_buffer_size;
-        }
+        av_fast_padded_malloc(&avctx->internal->byte_buffer, &avctx->internal->byte_buffer_size, size);
+        avpkt->data = avctx->internal->byte_buffer;
+        avpkt->size = size;
     }
 
-    if (avpkt->data) {
-        AVBufferRef *buf = avpkt->buf;
-
-        if (avpkt->size < size) {
-            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "User packet is too small (%d < %"PRId64")\n", avpkt->size, size);
-            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
-        }
-
-        av_init_packet(avpkt);
-        avpkt->buf      = buf;
-        avpkt->size     = size;
-        return 0;
-    } else {
+    if (!avpkt->data) {
         int ret = av_new_packet(avpkt, size);
         if (ret < 0)
             av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to allocate packet of size %"PRId64"\n", size);
         return ret;
     }
+
+    return 0;
 }
 
 int ff_alloc_packet(AVPacket *avpkt, int size)
@@ -110,244 +95,6 @@ fail:
     return ret;
 }
 
-int attribute_align_arg avcodec_encode_audio2(AVCodecContext *avctx,
-                                              AVPacket *avpkt,
-                                              const AVFrame *frame,
-                                              int *got_packet_ptr)
-{
-    AVFrame *extended_frame = NULL;
-    AVFrame *padded_frame = NULL;
-    int ret;
-    AVPacket user_pkt = *avpkt;
-    int needs_realloc = !user_pkt.data;
-
-    *got_packet_ptr = 0;
-
-    if (!avctx->codec->encode2) {
-        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "This encoder requires using the avcodec_send_frame() API.\n");
-        return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
-    }
-
-    if (!(avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY) && !frame) {
-        av_packet_unref(avpkt);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    /* ensure that extended_data is properly set */
-    if (frame && !frame->extended_data) {
-        if (av_sample_fmt_is_planar(avctx->sample_fmt) &&
-            avctx->channels > AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS) {
-            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Encoding to a planar sample format, "
-                                        "with more than %d channels, but extended_data is not set.\n",
-                   AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS);
-            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
-        }
-        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "extended_data is not set.\n");
-
-        extended_frame = av_frame_alloc();
-        if (!extended_frame)
-            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
-
-        memcpy(extended_frame, frame, sizeof(AVFrame));
-        extended_frame->extended_data = extended_frame->data;
-        frame = extended_frame;
-    }
-
-    /* extract audio service type metadata */
-    if (frame) {
-        AVFrameSideData *sd = av_frame_get_side_data(frame, AV_FRAME_DATA_AUDIO_SERVICE_TYPE);
-        if (sd && sd->size >= sizeof(enum AVAudioServiceType))
-            avctx->audio_service_type = *(enum AVAudioServiceType*)sd->data;
-    }
-
-    /* check for valid frame size */
-    if (frame) {
-        if (avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_SMALL_LAST_FRAME) {
-            if (frame->nb_samples > avctx->frame_size) {
-                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "more samples than frame size (avcodec_encode_audio2)\n");
-                ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
-                goto end;
-            }
-        } else if (!(avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE)) {
-            /* if we already got an undersized frame, that must have been the last */
-            if (avctx->internal->last_audio_frame) {
-                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "frame_size (%d) was not respected for a non-last frame (avcodec_encode_audio2)\n", avctx->frame_size);
-                ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
-                goto end;
-            }
-
-            if (frame->nb_samples < avctx->frame_size) {
-                if (!(padded_frame = av_frame_alloc())) {
-                    ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
-                    goto end;
-                }
-                ret = pad_last_frame(avctx, padded_frame, frame);
-                if (ret < 0)
-                    goto end;
-
-                frame = padded_frame;
-                avctx->internal->last_audio_frame = 1;
-            }
-
-            if (frame->nb_samples != avctx->frame_size) {
-                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "nb_samples (%d) != frame_size (%d) (avcodec_encode_audio2)\n", frame->nb_samples, avctx->frame_size);
-                ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
-                goto end;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    av_assert0(avctx->codec->encode2);
-
-    ret = avctx->codec->encode2(avctx, avpkt, frame, got_packet_ptr);
-    if (!ret) {
-        if (*got_packet_ptr) {
-            if (!(avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY)) {
-                if (avpkt->pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
-                    avpkt->pts = frame->pts;
-                if (!avpkt->duration)
-                    avpkt->duration = ff_samples_to_time_base(avctx,
-                                                              frame->nb_samples);
-            }
-            avpkt->dts = avpkt->pts;
-        } else {
-            avpkt->size = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    if (avpkt->data && avpkt->data == avctx->internal->byte_buffer) {
-        needs_realloc = 0;
-        if (user_pkt.data) {
-            if (user_pkt.size >= avpkt->size) {
-                memcpy(user_pkt.data, avpkt->data, avpkt->size);
-            } else {
-                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Provided packet is too small, needs to be %d\n", avpkt->size);
-                avpkt->size = user_pkt.size;
-                ret = -1;
-            }
-            avpkt->buf      = user_pkt.buf;
-            avpkt->data     = user_pkt.data;
-        } else if (!avpkt->buf) {
-            ret = av_packet_make_refcounted(avpkt);
-            if (ret < 0)
-                goto end;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!ret) {
-        if (needs_realloc && avpkt->data) {
-            ret = av_buffer_realloc(&avpkt->buf, avpkt->size + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
-            if (ret >= 0)
-                avpkt->data = avpkt->buf->data;
-        }
-        if (frame)
-            avctx->frame_number++;
-    }
-
-    if (ret < 0 || !*got_packet_ptr) {
-        av_packet_unref(avpkt);
-        goto end;
-    }
-
-    /* NOTE: if we add any audio encoders which output non-keyframe packets,
-     *       this needs to be moved to the encoders, but for now we can do it
-     *       here to simplify things */
-    avpkt->flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
-
-end:
-    av_frame_free(&padded_frame);
-    av_free(extended_frame);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-int attribute_align_arg avcodec_encode_video2(AVCodecContext *avctx,
-                                              AVPacket *avpkt,
-                                              const AVFrame *frame,
-                                              int *got_packet_ptr)
-{
-    int ret;
-    AVPacket user_pkt = *avpkt;
-    int needs_realloc = !user_pkt.data;
-
-    *got_packet_ptr = 0;
-
-    if (!avctx->codec->encode2) {
-        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "This encoder requires using the avcodec_send_frame() API.\n");
-        return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
-    }
-
-    if ((avctx->flags&AV_CODEC_FLAG_PASS1) && avctx->stats_out)
-        avctx->stats_out[0] = '\0';
-
-    if (!frame &&
-        !(avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY ||
-          (avctx->internal->frame_thread_encoder && avctx->active_thread_type & FF_THREAD_FRAME))) {
-        av_packet_unref(avpkt);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (av_image_check_size2(avctx->width, avctx->height, avctx->max_pixels, AV_PIX_FMT_NONE, 0, avctx))
-        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
-
-    if (frame && frame->format == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE)
-        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "AVFrame.format is not set\n");
-    if (frame && (frame->width == 0 || frame->height == 0))
-        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "AVFrame.width or height is not set\n");
-
-    av_assert0(avctx->codec->encode2);
-
-
-    if (CONFIG_FRAME_THREAD_ENCODER &&
-        avctx->internal->frame_thread_encoder && (avctx->active_thread_type & FF_THREAD_FRAME))
-        ret = ff_thread_video_encode_frame(avctx, avpkt, frame, got_packet_ptr);
-    else {
-        ret = avctx->codec->encode2(avctx, avpkt, frame, got_packet_ptr);
-        if (*got_packet_ptr && !(avctx->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY))
-            avpkt->pts = avpkt->dts = frame->pts;
-    }
-    av_assert0(ret <= 0);
-
-    emms_c();
-
-    if (avpkt->data && avpkt->data == avctx->internal->byte_buffer) {
-        needs_realloc = 0;
-        if (user_pkt.data) {
-            if (user_pkt.size >= avpkt->size) {
-                memcpy(user_pkt.data, avpkt->data, avpkt->size);
-            } else {
-                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Provided packet is too small, needs to be %d\n", avpkt->size);
-                avpkt->size = user_pkt.size;
-                ret = -1;
-            }
-            avpkt->buf      = user_pkt.buf;
-            avpkt->data     = user_pkt.data;
-        } else if (!avpkt->buf) {
-            ret = av_packet_make_refcounted(avpkt);
-            if (ret < 0)
-                return ret;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!ret) {
-        if (!*got_packet_ptr)
-            avpkt->size = 0;
-
-        if (needs_realloc && avpkt->data) {
-            ret = av_buffer_realloc(&avpkt->buf, avpkt->size + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
-            if (ret >= 0)
-                avpkt->data = avpkt->buf->data;
-        }
-
-        if (frame)
-            avctx->frame_number++;
-    }
-
-    if (ret < 0 || !*got_packet_ptr)
-        av_packet_unref(avpkt);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
 int avcodec_encode_subtitle(AVCodecContext *avctx, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
                             const AVSubtitle *sub)
 {
@@ -608,3 +355,104 @@ int attribute_align_arg avcodec_receive_packet(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *
 
     return 0;
 }
+
+static int compat_encode(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt,
+                         int *got_packet, const AVFrame *frame)
+{
+    AVCodecInternal *avci = avctx->internal;
+    AVPacket user_pkt;
+    int ret;
+
+    *got_packet = 0;
+
+    if (frame && avctx->codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
+        if (frame->format == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE)
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "AVFrame.format is not set\n");
+        if (frame->width == 0 || frame->height == 0)
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "AVFrame.width or height is not set\n");
+    }
+
+    ret = avcodec_send_frame(avctx, frame);
+    if (ret == AVERROR_EOF)
+        ret = 0;
+    else if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
+        /* we fully drain all the output in each encode call, so this should not
+         * ever happen */
+        return AVERROR_BUG;
+    } else if (ret < 0)
+        return ret;
+
+    av_packet_move_ref(&user_pkt, avpkt);
+    while (ret >= 0) {
+        ret = avcodec_receive_packet(avctx, avpkt);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
+                ret = 0;
+            goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (avpkt != avci->compat_encode_packet) {
+            if (avpkt->data && user_pkt.data) {
+                if (user_pkt.size >= avpkt->size) {
+                    memcpy(user_pkt.data, avpkt->data, avpkt->size);
+                    av_buffer_unref(&avpkt->buf);
+                    avpkt->buf  = user_pkt.buf;
+                    avpkt->data = user_pkt.data;
+                    av_init_packet(&user_pkt);
+                } else {
+                    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Provided packet is too small, needs to be %d\n", avpkt->size);
+                    av_packet_unref(avpkt);
+                    ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
+                    goto finish;
+                }
+            }
+
+            *got_packet = 1;
+            avpkt = avci->compat_encode_packet;
+        } else {
+            if (!avci->compat_decode_warned) {
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "The deprecated avcodec_encode_* "
+                       "API cannot return all the packets for this encoder. "
+                       "Some packets will be dropped. Update your code to the "
+                       "new encoding API to fix this.\n");
+                avci->compat_decode_warned = 1;
+                av_packet_unref(avpkt);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (avci->draining)
+            break;
+    }
+
+finish:
+    if (ret < 0)
+        av_packet_unref(&user_pkt);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int attribute_align_arg avcodec_encode_audio2(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                              AVPacket *avpkt,
+                                              const AVFrame *frame,
+                                              int *got_packet_ptr)
+{
+    int ret = compat_encode(avctx, avpkt, got_packet_ptr, frame);
+
+    if (ret < 0)
+        av_packet_unref(avpkt);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int attribute_align_arg avcodec_encode_video2(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                              AVPacket *avpkt,
+                                              const AVFrame *frame,
+                                              int *got_packet_ptr)
+{
+    int ret = compat_encode(avctx, avpkt, got_packet_ptr, frame);
+
+    if (ret < 0)
+        av_packet_unref(avpkt);
+
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/libavcodec/internal.h b/libavcodec/internal.h
index 0b0888265f..16057c3148 100644
--- a/libavcodec/internal.h
+++ b/libavcodec/internal.h
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ typedef struct AVCodecInternal {
      * of the packet (that should be submitted in the next decode call */
     size_t compat_decode_partial_size;
     AVFrame *compat_decode_frame;
+    AVPacket *compat_encode_packet;
 
     int showed_multi_packet_warning;
 
diff --git a/libavcodec/utils.c b/libavcodec/utils.c
index cfaf6a2ae6..10f6e4542a 100644
--- a/libavcodec/utils.c
+++ b/libavcodec/utils.c
@@ -585,15 +585,16 @@ int attribute_align_arg avcodec_open2(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVCodec *code
 
     avci->to_free = av_frame_alloc();
     avci->compat_decode_frame = av_frame_alloc();
+    avci->compat_encode_packet = av_packet_alloc();
     avci->buffer_frame = av_frame_alloc();
     avci->buffer_pkt = av_packet_alloc();
     avci->es.in_frame = av_frame_alloc();
     avci->ds.in_pkt = av_packet_alloc();
     avci->last_pkt_props = av_packet_alloc();
-    if (!avci->to_free      || !avci->compat_decode_frame ||
+    if (!avci->compat_decode_frame || !avci->compat_encode_packet ||
         !avci->buffer_frame || !avci->buffer_pkt          ||
         !avci->es.in_frame  || !avci->ds.in_pkt           ||
-        !avci->last_pkt_props) {
+        !avci->to_free      || !avci->last_pkt_props) {
         ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
         goto free_and_end;
     }
@@ -1043,6 +1044,7 @@ FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
         av_frame_free(&avci->to_free);
         av_frame_free(&avci->compat_decode_frame);
         av_frame_free(&avci->buffer_frame);
+        av_packet_free(&avci->compat_encode_packet);
         av_packet_free(&avci->buffer_pkt);
         av_packet_free(&avci->last_pkt_props);
 
@@ -1082,6 +1084,7 @@ void avcodec_flush_buffers(AVCodecContext *avctx)
     avci->nb_draining_errors = 0;
     av_frame_unref(avci->buffer_frame);
     av_frame_unref(avci->compat_decode_frame);
+    av_packet_unref(avci->compat_encode_packet);
     av_packet_unref(avci->buffer_pkt);
 
     av_frame_unref(avci->es.in_frame);
@@ -1142,6 +1145,7 @@ av_cold int avcodec_close(AVCodecContext *avctx)
         av_frame_free(&avctx->internal->to_free);
         av_frame_free(&avctx->internal->compat_decode_frame);
         av_frame_free(&avctx->internal->buffer_frame);
+        av_packet_free(&avctx->internal->compat_encode_packet);
         av_packet_free(&avctx->internal->buffer_pkt);
         av_packet_free(&avctx->internal->last_pkt_props);
 
