diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 2b4c4ec9a2..44be4ef819 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -2531,6 +2531,7 @@ CONFIG_EXTRA="
     jpegtables
     lgplv3
     libx262
+    libx264_hdr10
     llauddsp
     llviddsp
     llvidencdsp
@@ -6925,6 +6926,7 @@ enabled libx264           && require_pkg_config libx264 x264 "stdint.h x264.h" x
                              require_cpp_condition libx264 x264.h "X264_BUILD >= 122" && {
                              [ "$toolchain" != "msvc" ] ||
                              require_cpp_condition libx264 x264.h "X264_BUILD >= 158"; } &&
+                             check_cpp_condition libx264_hdr10 x264.h "X264_BUILD >= 163" &&
                              check_cpp_condition libx262 x264.h "X264_MPEG2"
 enabled libx265           && require_pkg_config libx265 x265 x265.h x265_api_get &&
                              require_cpp_condition libx265 x265.h "X265_BUILD >= 89"
diff --git a/libavcodec/libx264.c b/libavcodec/libx264.c
index 0997c4e134..2a8d71cd0b 100644
--- a/libavcodec/libx264.c
+++ b/libavcodec/libx264.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "libavutil/eval.h"
 #include "libavutil/internal.h"
 #include "libavutil/opt.h"
+#include "libavutil/mastering_display_metadata.h"
 #include "libavutil/mem.h"
 #include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
 #include "libavutil/stereo3d.h"
@@ -853,6 +854,83 @@ static int convert_pix_fmt(enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt)
         return AVERROR(EINVAL);\
     }
 
+#if CONFIG_LIBX264_HDR10
+static void handle_mdcv(x264_param_t *params,
+                        const AVMasteringDisplayMetadata *mdcv)
+{
+    if (!mdcv->has_primaries && !mdcv->has_luminance)
+        return;
+
+    params->mastering_display.b_mastering_display = 1;
+
+    if (mdcv->has_primaries) {
+        int *const points[][2] = {
+            {
+                &params->mastering_display.i_red_x,
+                &params->mastering_display.i_red_y
+            },
+            {
+                &params->mastering_display.i_green_x,
+                &params->mastering_display.i_green_y
+            },
+            {
+                &params->mastering_display.i_blue_x,
+                &params->mastering_display.i_blue_y
+            },
+        };
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            const AVRational *src = mdcv->display_primaries[i];
+            int *dst[2] = { points[i][0], points[i][1] };
+
+            *dst[0] = av_rescale_q(1, src[0], (AVRational){ 1, 50000 });
+            *dst[1] = av_rescale_q(1, src[1], (AVRational){ 1, 50000 });
+        }
+
+        params->mastering_display.i_white_x =
+            av_rescale_q(1, mdcv->white_point[0], (AVRational){ 1, 50000 });
+        params->mastering_display.i_white_y =
+            av_rescale_q(1, mdcv->white_point[1], (AVRational){ 1, 50000 });
+    }
+
+    if (mdcv->has_luminance) {
+        params->mastering_display.i_display_max =
+            av_rescale_q(1, mdcv->max_luminance, (AVRational){ 1, 10000 });
+        params->mastering_display.i_display_min =
+            av_rescale_q(1, mdcv->min_luminance, (AVRational){ 1, 10000 });
+    }
+}
+#endif // CONFIG_LIBX264_HDR10
+
+static void handle_side_data(AVCodecContext *avctx, x264_param_t *params)
+{
+#if CONFIG_LIBX264_HDR10
+    const AVFrameSideData *cll_sd =
+        av_frame_side_data_get(
+            (const AVFrameSideData **)avctx->encoder_side_data,
+            avctx->nb_encoder_side_data, AV_FRAME_DATA_CONTENT_LIGHT_LEVEL);
+    const AVFrameSideData *mdcv_sd =
+        av_frame_side_data_get(
+            (const AVFrameSideData **)avctx->encoder_side_data,
+            avctx->nb_encoder_side_data,
+            AV_FRAME_DATA_MASTERING_DISPLAY_METADATA);
+
+    if (cll_sd) {
+        const AVContentLightMetadata *cll =
+            (AVContentLightMetadata *)cll_sd->data;
+
+        params->content_light_level.i_max_cll  = cll->MaxCLL;
+        params->content_light_level.i_max_fall = cll->MaxFALL;
+
+        params->content_light_level.b_cll = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (mdcv_sd) {
+        handle_mdcv(params, (AVMasteringDisplayMetadata *)mdcv_sd->data);
+    }
+#endif // CONFIG_LIBX264_HDR10
+}
+
 static av_cold int X264_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
 {
     X264Context *x4 = avctx->priv_data;
@@ -1153,6 +1231,8 @@ FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
     if (avctx->chroma_sample_location != AVCHROMA_LOC_UNSPECIFIED)
         x4->params.vui.i_chroma_loc = avctx->chroma_sample_location - 1;
 
+    handle_side_data(avctx, &x4->params);
+
     if (avctx->flags & AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER)
         x4->params.b_repeat_headers = 0;
 
diff --git a/tests/fate/enc_external.mak b/tests/fate/enc_external.mak
index d787941c16..4095a4b51a 100644
--- a/tests/fate/enc_external.mak
+++ b/tests/fate/enc_external.mak
@@ -7,5 +7,10 @@ FATE_ENC_EXTERNAL-$(call ENCDEC, LIBSVTAV1 HEVC, MOV, HEVC_DEMUXER LIBDAV1D_DECO
 fate-libsvtav1-hdr10: CMD = enc_external $(TARGET_SAMPLES)/hevc/hdr10_plus_h265_sample.hevc \
     mp4 "-c:v libsvtav1" "-show_frames -show_entries frame=side_data_list -of flat"
 
+# test for x264 MDCV and CLL passthrough during encoding
+FATE_ENC_EXTERNAL-$(call ENCDEC, LIBX264 HEVC, MOV, LIBX264_HDR10 HEVC_DEMUXER H264_DECODER) += fate-libx264-hdr10
+fate-libx264-hdr10: CMD = enc_external $(TARGET_SAMPLES)/hevc/hdr10_plus_h265_sample.hevc \
+    mp4 "-c:v libx264" "-show_frames -show_entries frame=side_data_list -of flat"
+
 FATE_SAMPLES_FFMPEG_FFPROBE += $(FATE_ENC_EXTERNAL-yes)
 fate-enc-external: $(FATE_ENC_EXTERNAL-yes)
diff --git a/tests/ref/fate/libx264-hdr10 b/tests/ref/fate/libx264-hdr10
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99c11677f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ref/fate/libx264-hdr10
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.0.side_data_type="H.26[45] User Data Unregistered SEI message"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.side_data_type="Mastering display metadata"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.red_x="13250/50000"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.red_y="34500/50000"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.green_x="7500/50000"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.green_y="3000/50000"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.blue_x="34000/50000"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.blue_y="16000/50000"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.white_point_x="15635/50000"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.white_point_y="16450/50000"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.min_luminance="50/10000"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.1.max_luminance="10000000/10000"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.2.side_data_type="Content light level metadata"
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.2.max_content=1000
+frames.frame.0.side_data_list.side_data.2.max_average=200
